Singular & Plural Nouns
Nouns can be either singular or plural. A singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea while a plural noun names more than one person, place, thing or idea.
Nouns can be either singular or plural. A singular noun names one person, place, thing, or idea while a plural noun names more than one person, place, thing or idea.
Regular Plural Nouns
Many singular nouns can easily be made into plural nouns. These are known as regular plurals. The basic rules for making these nouns plural are:
1. Add an 's' to the end of the singular noun.
cat ⇒ cats
truck ⇒ trucks
book ⇒ books
whale ⇒ whales
2. Singular nouns ending in 's', 'sh', 'ch', 'x', or 'z' need an 'es' at the end to become plural. For words that end in 'z' add an extra 'z' before the 'es'.
bus ⇒ buses
brush ⇒ brushesMany singular nouns can easily be made into plural nouns. These are known as regular plurals. The basic rules for making these nouns plural are:
1. Add an 's' to the end of the singular noun.
cat ⇒ cats
truck ⇒ trucks
book ⇒ books
whale ⇒ whales
2. Singular nouns ending in 's', 'sh', 'ch', 'x', or 'z' need an 'es' at the end to become plural. For words that end in 'z' add an extra 'z' before the 'es'.
bus ⇒ buses
switch ⇒ switches
fox ⇒ foxes
quiz ⇒ quizzes
Irregular Plural Nouns
There are many nouns that don't follow the standard rules for pluralization described above. These are referred to as irregular nouns.
3. Some nouns are the same in both their singular and plural forms.
deer ⇒ deer
fish ⇒ fish
offspring ⇒ offspring
4. Some nouns ending in 'fe' and some nouns ending in 'f' just add 's'. Some nouns that end in 'fe' or 'f' change the 'f' or 'fe' to 'v' and add 'es'.
fox ⇒ foxes
quiz ⇒ quizzes
Irregular Plural Nouns
There are many nouns that don't follow the standard rules for pluralization described above. These are referred to as irregular nouns.
3. Some nouns are the same in both their singular and plural forms.
deer ⇒ deer
fish ⇒ fish
offspring ⇒ offspring
4. Some nouns ending in 'fe' and some nouns ending in 'f' just add 's'. Some nouns that end in 'fe' or 'f' change the 'f' or 'fe' to 'v' and add 'es'.
roof ⇒ roofs
safe ⇒ safes
shelf ⇒ shelves
wife ⇒ wives
5. Nouns that end in a vowel + 'y' just add an 's'.
donkey ⇒ donkeys
monkey ⇒ monkeys
6. Nouns that end in a consonant + 'y' change the 'y' to 'i' and add 'es'.
family ⇒ families
trophy ⇒ trophies
7. Nouns that end in a consonant + 'o' usually add 'es' except for musical terms.
potato ⇒ potatoes
tomato ⇒ tomatoes
piano ⇒ pianos
soprano ⇒ sopranos
8. Some nouns ending in 'is' are pluralized by dropping the 'is' and adding 'es':
axis ⇒ axes
basis ⇒ bases
crisis ⇒ crises
neurosis ⇒ neuroses
9. There's not a hard and fast rule for some irregular plurals; just take note of them when you see them to become familiar with them.
child ⇒ children
man ⇒ men
foot ⇒ feet
mouse ⇒ mice
Khan Academy: Introduction to singular and plural nouns
Study.com: Singular & Plural Nouns: Definitions, Rules & Examples
English Grammar 101: Singular and Plural Nouns1
English Grammar 101: Singular and Plural Nouns 2
safe ⇒ safes
shelf ⇒ shelves
wife ⇒ wives
5. Nouns that end in a vowel + 'y' just add an 's'.
donkey ⇒ donkeys
monkey ⇒ monkeys
6. Nouns that end in a consonant + 'y' change the 'y' to 'i' and add 'es'.
family ⇒ families
trophy ⇒ trophies
7. Nouns that end in a consonant + 'o' usually add 'es' except for musical terms.
potato ⇒ potatoes
tomato ⇒ tomatoes
piano ⇒ pianos
soprano ⇒ sopranos
8. Some nouns ending in 'is' are pluralized by dropping the 'is' and adding 'es':
axis ⇒ axes
basis ⇒ bases
crisis ⇒ crises
neurosis ⇒ neuroses
9. There's not a hard and fast rule for some irregular plurals; just take note of them when you see them to become familiar with them.
child ⇒ children
man ⇒ men
foot ⇒ feet
mouse ⇒ mice
Khan Academy: Introduction to singular and plural nouns
Study.com: Singular & Plural Nouns: Definitions, Rules & Examples
English Grammar 101: Singular and Plural Nouns1
English Grammar 101: Singular and Plural Nouns 2
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